Bên cạnh hướng dẫn em cách phân tích đề thi cùng đính kèm bài sửa bài viết của học sinh IELTS TUTOR đi thi hôm đấy và mới nhận kết quả thi 5.5 nhé, IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Phân tích & Sửa đề"Describe a law on environmental protection" IELTS SPEAKING

Describe an environment law

You should say:

• what it is
• how you first learned about it
• who benefits from it

And explain how you feel about this law

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý bám sát vào cue card để trả lời nhé:

• what it is:
  • A law for banning people from throwing garbage in public places has had a tremendously positive effect on the daily life of Vietnamese people
• how you first learned about it
  • A few years ago, I heard the news broadcast on channel VTV1 that this law had been enacted
  • It said that no one was allowed to litter in public sites, especially tourist attractions. If anyone was caught throwing rubbish in such places, he or she must pay a fine of about 1 million to 5 million Vietnamese Dong
• who benefits from it
  • It does wonders for the environment and tourist attractions
    • Thanks to this law, the stunning views and natural landscapes of some famous tourist attractions in Vietnam have been protected. 
    • There are also fewer complaints from tourists about so much litter such as used cans and bottles appearing on the beach.
• And explain how you feel about this law
  • At first, the resistance among citizens, myself included was inevitable since we were used to littering    >> IELTS  TUTOR  hướng  dẫn  Cách dùng USED TO / GET USED TO / BE USED TO 
  • Then, the strict punishment and strong criticism from the media as well discouraged citizens from throwing rubbish anywhere they want. Therefore, the citizens’ awareness of protecting the environment greatly improved.
  • Finally,  people got a hang of it and started to make it a new habit.

IELTS TUTOR gợi ý bài tham khảo:

Today, I would like to tell you about a law banning people from throwing garbage in public places, which has had a tremendously positive impact (tác động tích cực to lớn – an extremely beneficial effect) on the daily life of Vietnamese people.

I first learned about this law a few years ago when I heard a news broadcast on VTV1 announcing that it had been enacted. The report said that people were prohibited from littering in public areas, particularly tourist attractions, and anyone caught doing so could face a fine of around one to five million Vietnamese dong.

The people who benefit most from this law are local residents, tourists, and, above all, the environment. Thanks to this regulation, many stunning natural landscapes (cảnh quan thiên nhiên tuyệt đẹp – exceptionally beautiful natural scenery) and tourist destinations have been better protected. For example, there are now fewer complaints from tourists about litter-strewn beaches (những bãi biển ngập rác – beaches covered with scattered rubbish), where used cans, plastic bottles and other waste used to be a common sight.

As for how I feel about this law, I have to admit that I initially had mixed feelings about it. The initial resistance (sự phản đối ban đầu – opposition at the beginning) among citizens, myself included, was inevitable because we were accustomed to littering (quen với việc xả rác – used to throwing rubbish away carelessly) in some public places. However, the strict enforcement (việc thực thi nghiêm ngặt – rigorous implementation of a law) and heavy financial penalties (mức phạt tài chính nặng – large monetary punishments), together with strong criticism from the media, gradually discouraged people from treating public spaces as dumping grounds. As a result, environmental awareness (nhận thức về môi trường – understanding of the importance of protecting nature) has improved considerably. Eventually, people got the hang of it (dần quen và hiểu cách làm – gradually learned how to do something correctly) and turned responsible waste disposal into a deeply ingrained habit (thói quen ăn sâu – a behavior that becomes firmly established). What I particularly appreciate is that the law has brought about a long-term behavioral shift, rather than simply forcing people to obey temporarily. In the long run, cleaner public spaces (không gian công cộng sạch hơn – public areas with less rubbish) can enhance the quality of life for residents, while also making Vietnam more appealing to international visitors. For instance, when beaches and tourist attractions remain clean and well-maintained, visitors are far more likely to have a positive impression of the country and even recommend these destinations to others.>> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online]

Overall, I strongly support this law because it not only protects the environment but also encourages people to take greater responsibility for the places they share with others.

New vocabulary

tremendously positive impact – tác động tích cực to lớn – an extremely beneficial effect
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “The law has had a tremendously positive impact on the daily life of Vietnamese people.”

Synonyms: enormously beneficial effect, highly positive influence, substantial positive impact
Antonyms: devastating effect, detrimental impact, negative influence

stunning natural landscapes – cảnh quan thiên nhiên tuyệt đẹp – exceptionally beautiful natural scenery
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “Many stunning natural landscapes and tourist destinations have been better protected.”

Synonyms: breathtaking scenery, spectacular landscapes, magnificent natural surroundings
Antonyms: ugly scenery, unattractive landscapes, polluted surroundings

litter-strewn beaches – những bãi biển ngập rác – beaches covered with scattered rubbish
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “There are now fewer complaints from tourists about litter-strewn beaches.”

Synonyms: rubbish-covered beaches, polluted shores, waste-filled beaches
Antonyms: pristine beaches, spotless shores, well-maintained coastlines

initial resistance – sự phản đối ban đầu – opposition at the beginning of a change
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “The initial resistance among citizens was inevitable.”

Synonyms: early opposition, initial reluctance, first-stage resistance
Antonyms: immediate acceptance, willing compliance, enthusiastic support

accustomed to littering – quen với việc xả rác – used to throwing rubbish away carelessly
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “We were accustomed to littering in some public places.”

Synonyms: used to littering, habituated to littering, conditioned to littering
Antonyms: unaccustomed to littering, opposed to littering, committed to cleanliness

strict enforcement – việc thực thi nghiêm ngặt – rigorous implementation of a law or rule
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “The strict enforcement and heavy financial penalties gradually discouraged people from littering.”

Synonyms: rigorous implementation, firm enforcement, stringent application
Antonyms: weak enforcement, lax implementation, poor regulation

heavy financial penalties – mức phạt tài chính nặng – large monetary punishments
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “The strict enforcement and heavy financial penalties gradually discouraged people from littering.”

Synonyms: substantial fines, hefty penalties, severe monetary sanctions
Antonyms: minor fines, light penalties, negligible sanctions

environmental awareness – nhận thức về môi trường – understanding of the importance of protecting nature
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “As a result, environmental awareness has improved considerably.”

Synonyms: ecological consciousness, environmental consciousness, awareness of environmental issues
Antonyms: environmental ignorance, ecological negligence, lack of awareness

get the hang of it – dần quen và hiểu cách làm – gradually learn how to do something correctly
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “Eventually, people got the hang of it and turned responsible waste disposal into a deeply ingrained habit.”

Synonyms: learn the ropes, become accustomed to it, get used to it
Antonyms: struggle with it, fail to grasp it, remain unfamiliar with it

deeply ingrained habit – thói quen ăn sâu – a behavior that becomes firmly established
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “People turned responsible waste disposal into a deeply ingrained habit.”

Synonyms: well-established habit, firmly rooted behavior, habitual practice
Antonyms: temporary behavior, occasional practice, newly adopted habit

behavioral shift – sự thay đổi hành vi – a significant change in how people behave
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: “The law has brought about a long-term behavioral shift.”

Synonyms: change in conduct, transformation in behavior, behavioral change
Antonyms: behavioral stability, unchanged conduct, persistent behavior

Bài nói transcript + audio được sửa kĩ càng của bạn học sinh lớp siêu cấp tốc target 7.0 lớp IELTS WRITING & SPEAKING ONLINE 1 KÈM 1 của IELTS TUTOR, có thể download xuống để tham khảo kĩ nhé

1. Do you think school rules are important?

Yes, absolutely, because school rules provide a structured environment (môi trường có tổ chức, nề nếp) where students can learn effectively.
First and foremost, clear regulations help maintain discipline and order (kỷ luật và trật tự), preventing classrooms from becoming chaotic or disruptive.
For instance, rules about punctuality, classroom behaviour and homework deadlines can foster a sense of responsibility among students.
They also establish clear-cut boundaries (ranh giới rõ ràng), so children understand which behaviours are acceptable and which ones may negatively affect others.
Another important point is that school regulations can prepare young people for the real-world expectations (những yêu cầu trong thực tế cuộc sống) they will encounter as adults.
In the workplace, for example, employees are expected to follow procedures, meet deadlines and respect their colleagues, so learning these habits at school can be highly beneficial.
Without reasonable rules, students might become overly self-indulgent (quá nuông chiều bản thân) and struggle to adapt to environments where cooperation and accountability are required.
That said, rules should not be excessively restrictive; they should strike a delicate balance (sự cân bằng tinh tế) between maintaining order and allowing students enough freedom to develop independence.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• structured environment = môi trường có tổ chức, nề nếp → an organised setting with clear systems and expectations.
• discipline and order = kỷ luật và trật tự → a state in which people behave appropriately and follow established rules.
• clear-cut boundaries = ranh giới rõ ràng → limits that are easy to understand and distinguish.
• real-world expectations = những yêu cầu trong thực tế cuộc sống → standards and responsibilities people encounter outside school.
• overly self-indulgent = quá nuông chiều bản thân → excessively focused on one's own desires or comfort.
• delicate balance = sự cân bằng tinh tế → a situation requiring careful adjustment between two competing things.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• structured environment
  Synonyms: organised setting, regulated environment, orderly setting
  Antonyms: chaotic environment, disorganised setting, unregulated setting
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Schools provide a structured environment where students can learn effectively.
• discipline
  Synonyms: self-control, regulation, restraint
  Antonyms: indiscipline, disorder, unruliness
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Clear regulations help maintain discipline and order.
• restrictive
  Synonyms: confining, limiting, controlling
  Antonyms: liberating, flexible, permissive
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Rules should not be excessively restrictive.>> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online] 

2. Are children unhappy with the school rules?

Yes, I think many children are unhappy with certain school rules, particularly when they feel those regulations are overly stringent (quá nghiêm ngặt).
One main reason is that young people naturally want to exercise personal autonomy (quyền tự chủ cá nhân), whereas strict rules can sometimes make them feel controlled.
For example, students may resent regulations concerning uniforms, hairstyles or smartphone use because they perceive them as unnecessary restrictions on their individuality.
Another issue is that some rules may appear disproportionately harsh (khắt khe một cách không tương xứng) compared with the seriousness of the offence.
If a student receives a severe punishment for something relatively minor, they may view the school as unfair rather than becoming more responsible.
However, children are generally more willing to comply when rules are fair-minded (công bằng, có tinh thần công bằng) and their purpose is clearly explained.
For instance, if teachers explain that limiting phone use is intended to reduce distractions and improve academic performance, students are more likely to accept the regulation.
So, I would say children are not necessarily opposed to rules themselves; they tend to object when rules seem arbitrary (tùy tiện, thiếu lý do hợp lý) or excessively controlling.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• overly stringent = quá nghiêm ngặt → excessively strict or demanding.
• personal autonomy = quyền tự chủ cá nhân → the ability to make one's own decisions independently.
• disproportionately harsh = khắt khe không tương xứng → much more severe than the situation reasonably warrants.
• fair-minded = công bằng, có tinh thần công bằng → willing to make reasonable and impartial judgments.
• arbitrary = tùy tiện, thiếu lý do hợp lý → based on personal preference rather than a clear or reasonable principle.
• comply = tuân thủ → to obey a rule, request or instruction.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• stringent
  Synonyms: strict, rigorous, uncompromising
  Antonyms: lenient, flexible, permissive
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Children may dislike overly stringent school regulations.
• autonomy
  Synonyms: independence, self-determination, freedom
  Antonyms: dependence, subordination, control
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Young people naturally want personal autonomy.
• arbitrary
  Synonyms: random, unjustified, discretionary
  Antonyms: reasonable, justified, principled
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Students tend to object when rules seem arbitrary.

3. What are the rules people should obey at work?

I think employees should follow rules concerning professional conduct (tác phong và cách ứng xử chuyên nghiệp), workplace safety and confidentiality.
First, people should communicate respectfully with colleagues and avoid behaviour that could create a toxic work environment (môi trường làm việc độc hại).
For example, employees should not engage in bullying, harassment or discriminatory behaviour, because these can seriously damage workplace morale.
They should also comply with health-and-safety protocols (quy trình về sức khỏe và an toàn), particularly in workplaces involving machinery, chemicals or other potential hazards.
Another essential rule is protecting confidential information, since employees may have access to sensitive data belonging to customers or their organisation.
For instance, a staff member should never casually share proprietary information (thông tin độc quyền của doanh nghiệp) with outsiders or post it on social media.
More broadly, workers should demonstrate professional accountability (trách nhiệm nghề nghiệp) by meeting deadlines, taking responsibility for mistakes and completing their assigned duties.
Ultimately, these rules are not simply bureaucratic requirements; they create a well-functioning workplace (nơi làm việc vận hành hiệu quả) where people can collaborate safely and productively.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• professional conduct = tác phong và cách ứng xử chuyên nghiệp → behaviour that meets accepted professional standards.
• toxic work environment = môi trường làm việc độc hại → a workplace characterised by harmful, stressful or hostile behaviour.
• health-and-safety protocols = quy trình về sức khỏe và an toàn → established procedures designed to prevent workplace accidents or harm.
• proprietary information = thông tin độc quyền → information owned by a company and not intended for public disclosure.
• professional accountability = trách nhiệm nghề nghiệp → being responsible for one's professional actions and obligations.
• well-functioning workplace = nơi làm việc vận hành hiệu quả → a workplace that operates smoothly and productively.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• professional conduct
  Synonyms: workplace etiquette, professional behaviour, business decorum
  Antonyms: misconduct, unprofessional behaviour, impropriety
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Employees should follow rules concerning professional conduct.
• accountability
  Synonyms: responsibility, answerability, liability
  Antonyms: irresponsibility, negligence, evasion
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Workers should demonstrate professional accountability.
• toxic
  Synonyms: harmful, unhealthy, detrimental
  Antonyms: healthy, supportive, constructive
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Bullying can create a toxic work environment.

4. What can teachers do to make students obey rules?

I think teachers should focus on explaining the rationale behind rules rather than simply imposing them through punishment.
First, they can set clear expectations (đặt ra những kỳ vọng rõ ràng) at the beginning of the school year so that students know exactly what is expected of them.
For example, instead of merely saying that students cannot use phones, teachers could explain how excessive screen time can undermine concentration and academic performance.
Another effective strategy is to involve students in establishing certain classroom rules, which gives them a greater sense of ownership and responsibility (ý thức làm chủ và trách nhiệm).
When young people feel that their opinions have been taken into account, they are more likely to perceive the rules as legitimate rather than imposed from above.
Teachers can also use positive reinforcement (sự củng cố tích cực), such as praise or small privileges, to encourage consistent good behaviour.
For instance, a class that consistently follows classroom procedures could be rewarded with additional recreational time.
Most importantly, teachers should lead by example (làm gương), because students are far more likely to respect rules when their teachers consistently demonstrate fairness, punctuality and self-discipline.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• set clear expectations = đặt ra những kỳ vọng rõ ràng → clearly communicate the standards of behaviour expected from students.
• ownership and responsibility = ý thức làm chủ và trách nhiệm → a feeling that one is responsible for something and has a stake in it.
• positive reinforcement = sự củng cố tích cực → rewards or encouragement used to strengthen desirable behaviour.
• lead by example = làm gương → demonstrate the behaviour that you expect others to adopt.
• imposed from above = bị áp đặt từ cấp trên → forced upon people by someone in authority.
• legitimate = chính đáng, hợp lý → considered reasonable, valid or justified.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• reinforcement
  Synonyms: encouragement, reward, motivation
  Antonyms: discouragement, deterrence, disapproval
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Teachers can use positive reinforcement to encourage good behaviour.
• legitimate
  Synonyms: valid, justified, reasonable
  Antonyms: illegitimate, unjustified, unreasonable
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Students are more likely to see rules as legitimate.
• impose
  Synonyms: enforce, inflict, mandate
  Antonyms: withdraw, remove, exempt
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Students may dislike rules that are imposed from above.

5. What are some rules that exist in schools or workplaces in your country?

In Vietnam, both schools and workplaces tend to have fairly comprehensive regulations governing behaviour, appearance and punctuality.
In schools, students are generally expected to wear school uniforms (đồng phục học sinh), arrive on time and show respect towards teachers and classmates.
For example, many schools have strict policies regarding mobile-phone usage (việc sử dụng điện thoại di động) during lessons because smartphones can be a major source of distraction.
There are also rules concerning attendance, homework and examinations to ensure academic integrity (tính trung thực trong học tập).
In the workplace, employees are usually required to observe working hours, follow internal procedures and maintain appropriate professional behaviour.
For instance, companies may have dress-code policies (quy định về trang phục) and rules governing the use of company equipment or confidential information.
Another increasingly important area is digital conduct, as employees are expected to use workplace communication platforms responsibly and protect company data.
Overall, these regulations are designed to establish a well-disciplined workforce (lực lượng lao động có kỷ luật) and ensure that organisations operate efficiently.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• school uniforms = đồng phục học sinh → standardised clothing worn by students.
• mobile-phone usage = việc sử dụng điện thoại di động → the use of mobile phones, particularly in a specific setting.
• academic integrity = tính trung thực trong học tập → honesty and ethical behaviour in academic work.
• dress-code policies = quy định về trang phục → rules concerning appropriate clothing.
• well-disciplined workforce = lực lượng lao động có kỷ luật → employees who consistently follow professional standards and workplace rules.
• internal procedures = quy trình nội bộ → established processes employees are expected to follow within an organisation.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• integrity
  Synonyms: honesty, probity, uprightness
  Antonyms: dishonesty, corruption, deceitfulness
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Examination rules are intended to ensure academic integrity.
• comprehensive
  Synonyms: extensive, thorough, wide-ranging
  Antonyms: limited, incomplete, superficial
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Schools tend to have fairly comprehensive regulations.
• disciplined
  Synonyms: orderly, controlled, well-regulated
  Antonyms: undisciplined, unruly, disorderly
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Regulations can help establish a well-disciplined workforce.

6. What should parents do to educate children about laws?

I believe parents should teach children about laws from an early age, but they should focus on understanding rather than fear of punishment.
One effective approach is to explain the underlying rationale (lý do nền tảng đằng sau) behind laws and demonstrate how they protect people's rights and maintain social order.
For example, parents can explain why children must obey traffic regulations instead of simply telling them that they will be punished if they cross a road carelessly.
They should also teach children about civic responsibility (trách nhiệm công dân) by encouraging them to respect other people's property, privacy and personal boundaries.
Another important point is that parents need to practise what they preach (làm đúng những gì mình dạy người khác) because children tend to imitate adult behaviour.
If parents routinely ignore traffic laws or try to circumvent regulations, children may conclude that rules are merely optional.
Parents can also use age-appropriate real-life examples to help children understand the consequences of illegal or irresponsible behaviour.
Ultimately, the goal should be to raise law-abiding citizens (những công dân tuân thủ pháp luật) who follow laws because they understand their social value, rather than simply because they are afraid of being punished.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• underlying rationale = lý do nền tảng đằng sau → the fundamental reason or justification for something.
• civic responsibility = trách nhiệm công dân → the duties individuals have towards society and their community.
• practise what they preach = làm đúng những gì mình dạy người khác → behave according to the principles one tells others to follow.
• law-abiding citizens = những công dân tuân thủ pháp luật → people who respect and obey the law.
• circumvent regulations = lách/né các quy định → find a way to avoid obeying a rule without directly breaking it.
• age-appropriate = phù hợp với độ tuổi → suitable for a person's particular age.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• law-abiding
  Synonyms: lawful, compliant, obedient
  Antonyms: lawless, criminal, non-compliant
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Parents should raise law-abiding citizens.
• rationale
  Synonyms: reasoning, justification, grounds
  Antonyms: irrationality, absurdity, senselessness
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Parents should explain the underlying rationale behind laws.
• circumvent
  Synonyms: evade, bypass, sidestep
  Antonyms: obey, follow, comply with
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Parents should not teach children to circumvent regulations.

7. When people break rules, how are they punished in your country?

The punishment usually depends on the severity of the offence and whether the person has repeatedly violated the rules.
For relatively minor violations, people may receive a formal warning (cảnh cáo chính thức) or be asked to correct their behaviour rather than face a severe penalty.
For example, an employee who repeatedly arrives late may initially receive a verbal warning before facing disciplinary action.
More serious violations can result in financial penalties (hình phạt tài chính), suspension or even dismissal from employment.
In schools, students who break regulations may receive detention, have privileges withdrawn or be required to meet with teachers and parents.
For instance, persistent bullying or serious misconduct could lead to disciplinary measures (biện pháp kỷ luật) or suspension.
For criminal offences, however, the consequences can be considerably more severe and may involve prosecution, fines or imprisonment depending on the law.
In my view, an effective punishment should act as a deterrent (biện pháp răn đe) while also giving offenders an opportunity to understand their mistakes and change their behaviour.

New vocabulary & explanations:

• formal warning = cảnh cáo chính thức → an official notice that someone's behaviour is unacceptable and may lead to further consequences.
• financial penalties = hình phạt tài chính → punishments involving the payment of money.
• disciplinary measures = biện pháp kỷ luật → actions taken to punish or correct unacceptable behaviour.
• deterrent = biện pháp răn đe → something intended to discourage people from doing something wrong.
• persistent = dai dẳng, liên tục → continuing repeatedly over a long period despite attempts to stop it.
• dismissal = sa thải → the act of officially removing someone from their job.

Synonyms & antonyms:

• deterrent
  Synonyms: discouragement, preventive measure, disincentive
  Antonyms: incentive, encouragement, inducement
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Punishment should act as a deterrent.
• penalty
  Synonyms: punishment, sanction, fine
  Antonyms: reward, benefit, incentive
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Serious violations can result in financial penalties.
• persistent
  Synonyms: repeated, continual, enduring
  Antonyms: occasional, temporary, intermittent
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Persistent bullying could lead to suspension.

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